ANALYSIS OF IBN KHALDUN AND TOYNBEE’S APPROACHES TO HISTORY

NESIBE SAHIN

ABSTRACT

In this study, I will discuss Arnold Toynbee’s and Ibn Khaldun’s conception of history.
Both scholars lef important works for world history and developed two different and
original methodologies concerning history. Tey used specifc methods in their work and
inspired later historians. I provide frst their defnitions of history and then address both
of their criticisms of historians and explain what methods they developed for studying
history. I will try also to explain how both historians explain the cyclical understanding
of history in the context of civilizations. Finally, the study will end with the conclusion
that compares the historical approaches of both scholars